By Andi Anderson
As breeding season nears, it’s important to evaluate key factors that may be lowering beef cow conception rates. Managing both bulls and cows properly can significantly increase reproductive success.
Start by ensuring bull fertility. Every breeding bull should receive a breeding soundness exam and semen check annually. Relying on untested bulls can result in poor conception rates and economic losses.
Next, assess cow body condition scores (BCS). Cows in BCS 5 or 6 have higher conception rates and breed earlier in the season than thinner cows. Monitor body condition and adjust feed accordingly.
Cow nutrition also plays a vital role. Heavier cows and high-producing cows need more nutrients. Insufficient energy in the diet can delay conception or reduce pregnancy rates. Provide high-quality feed that meets the cows’ energy needs.
Be cautious with lush spring pastures. While green and fresh, this forage contains high moisture and may not meet dry matter needs. Supplement with 3–4 pounds of dry, high-energy feed per head per day until pasture matures.
Vaccination timing affects conception too. Using inactivated vaccines (killed type) at least 30 days before breeding improves success rates. Avoid modified-live vaccines close to breeding.
For commercial herds, consider crossbreeding. Heterosis increases conception rates and calves weaned per cow. Use quality genetics from different breeds to maximize results.
Lastly, reduce stress post-breeding, especially between day 5 and day 45. Stress during embryo implantation—caused by heat, hauling, or handling—can cause pregnancy loss.
In summary, managing fertility, health, feed, and stress can protect your breeding season. Evaluate your herd and make needed changes to improve outcomes this year.
Photo Credit: istock-emholk
Categories: Illinois, Livestock