Federal Changes Could Impact SNAP Benefits in Illinois

By Andi Anderson

Thousands of Illinois residents may lose access to food assistance under major federal changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Signed into law on July 4, the “One Big, Beautiful Bill Act” introduces stricter eligibility rules and increases state responsibility for program costs.

The law now requires individuals up to age 64, including veterans, homeless people, and youth leaving foster care, to meet monthly work requirements. These individuals must complete at least 80 hours of paid, unpaid, or volunteer work to qualify for SNAP benefits.

Previously, only those aged 18 to 54 were subject to this rule. Exemptions remain for those unable to work, such as pregnant individuals.

Illinois officials estimate that 360,000 residents could lose their SNAP eligibility under these new work rules. In March 2025, about 1.9 million Illinoisans were using SNAP to purchase food. The program has helped low-income families since its origins in the 1930s and is currently funded mostly by the federal government.

However, the law also shifts more financial responsibility to states. Starting in October 2026, states will need to pay 75% of SNAP’s administrative costs, up from 50%. The following year, states with an error rate over 10% — such as Illinois, with an 11% rate — must also pay 15% of total benefit costs.

For Illinois, this could mean a $705 million increase in spending — over 1% of the current state budget. Governor JB Pritzker criticized the changes, saying they put working families at risk. He joined 22 other governors in warning Congress that states may be forced to reduce or leave the program.

These changes mark a significant shift in how SNAP is managed and funded, with long-term effects on food security and state budgets.

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