Illinois Scientists Lead Climate Crop Research in Open Fields

By Andi Anderson

At the University of Illinois' South Farms, an innovative field research project is helping scientists study the effects of climate change on crop production.

The 80-acre facility, known as SoyFACE (Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment), was launched in 2001 and continues to play a key role in agricultural climate research.

Unlike greenhouse experiments, SoyFACE uses large open-air octagonal rings—each over 65 feet in diameter—to mimic changing climate conditions in real farm fields. These rings are equipped with pipes that release controlled amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and ozone, adjusting to wind direction through a central monitoring system.

The facility was co-founded by scientists Evan DeLucia, Steve Long, and Don Ort. Initially focused on the effects of CO₂ on soybeans and corn, the project expanded to study ozone, temperature increases, and drought stress.

Scientists now use tools like infrared heaters to raise field temperatures and retractable awnings to limit rainfall.

SoyFACE Director Dr. Lisa Ainsworth leads current efforts to understand how rising greenhouse gases impact yields.

While higher CO₂ levels can slightly boost soybean production, increased ozone levels have harmful effects, lowering crop yields significantly.

Beyond studying the problems, SoyFACE researchers are working on solutions. Ainsworth is exploring how to develop crops that respond better to high CO₂ levels. However, scientists agree this is only part of the answer.

According to DeLucia, future crops must also be able to withstand drought and other extreme climate conditions.

SoyFACE remains one of the only open-field labs in the world testing real-time climate effects on major crops. As weather patterns shift—bringing wetter springs and drier late seasons—the findings from this research will help prepare farmers for the future.

Through science, innovation, and collaboration, Illinois researchers continue to lead the way in understanding and adapting agriculture to a changing climate.

Photo Credit: getty-images-elhenyo