Illinois Study Explains Differences Between Biologicals and Biostimulants

By Andi Anderson

Illinois farmers often ask if biological products really work. Researchers Fred Below, Connor Sible, and Juliann Seebauer from the University of Illinois answered this by studying these products in depth. They found that many farmers and companies use the term “biologicals” loosely, while scientific studies and rules often use “biostimulants.”

Both biologicals and biostimulants help plants grow. Biologicals are live microbes that aid soil or plants. Biostimulants are natural substances, like seaweed extracts or acids, that help plants indirectly. Though they sound similar, they are different in how they work and should be clearly labeled.

Originally, products like soybean inoculants were among the first biologicals. Over time, new products like humic acids, hydrolysates, and alginates appeared, first used in specialty crops and now in corn and soybean farming. However, the market is now flooded with many products, and research often does not match marketing claims.

The Illinois team recommends using simple terms: call living products “biologicals” and non-living ones “biostimulants.” This will help farmers understand and use these products wisely.

Regulations are another issue. Only microbial inoculants are federally defined, leaving most products unchecked. State laws handle labeling, but rules vary, so a product could be labeled differently in different states.

Safety is a concern too. Live microbes can change and may be risky if not checked properly. The team suggests separate federal rules for biologicals and biostimulants to make things safer and clearer.

The researchers stress that while regulations are needed, they should not block farmers from using helpful products. The goal is clear language, fair rules, and teamwork among farmers, researchers, and companies.

With clear terms and better laws, farmers can make smart choices. The Illinois study urges everyone in farming to work together for a safer, more successful future in crop production.

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