Farm Practices Offer Solutions to Dust Storm Risks

By Andi Anderson

Dust storms have become a rising concern in Illinois, with tragic incidents like the 2023 highway accident that claimed eight lives. While spring weather changes play a role, experts agree that farming practices are a key contributor to blowing soil.

Modern machinery enables faster, larger-scale farming, often removing natural barriers like fence rows and increasing tillage. These changes leave topsoil more vulnerable to strong winds. However, farmers can take action to reduce dust risks—especially near busy roads.

Reducing tillage passes is a practical first step. Conservation tillage and no-till systems limit soil disturbance, retain moisture, and reduce erosion. Studies from Iowa State University show these practices also improve soil quality and water management.

One popular method, strip-till, disturbs only the crop row, leaving the rest of the field covered in crop residue. Research by Illinois scientists in 2024 found higher soybean yields in strip-tilled fields than in conventionally tilled ones.

No-till farming builds soil organic matter and retains moisture, leading to better long-term yields. Though changes take time to show, many farmers are encouraged to transition gradually, especially on fields near highways.

Cover crops provide even more protection. University of Illinois Extension educator Rachel Curry notes that species like rye or winter wheat help keep soil in place and absorb leftover nutrients.

The Midwest Cover Crop Council offers an online selector tool to help farmers choose the best cover crops based on location and field goals. Financial support is available through state and federal programs, as well as private initiatives.

Farmers can visit the Illinois Sustainable Ag Partnership’s FIND Tool to compare cost-share opportunities and locate dealers.

Although pinpointing the exact cause of dust storms is complex, adopting no-till systems and planting cover crops are clear steps farmers can take to reduce risks and promote healthier soils.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-sasiistock