Illinois Farmers Concerned as Cover Crop Program Faces Major Cuts

By Andi Anderson

Illinois farmers and environmentalists are raising concerns after a proposal to cut funding for the state's successful cover crop program.

The “Fall Cover for Spring Savings” initiative, launched in 2019, offers $5 per acre in crop insurance discounts for farmers who plant cover crops in the fall. These crops help reduce soil erosion and limit fertilizer runoff into rivers and streams.

Despite high demand, with the program selling out within two hours this year, Governor JB Pritzker has proposed reducing its funding from $960,000 to $660,000. This comes even as he proposes a $2 billion overall increase to the state budget.

Cover crops like winter wheat, oats, and cereal rye help keep soil in place and improve water quality. Farmer Steve Stierwalt of Champaign County has seen their value firsthand. “We have some of the best soil in the world here, and we have to protect it,” he said.

Illinois ranks among the top contributors to nitrogen and phosphorus runoff, which harms marine life and affects industries tied to the Gulf of Mexico.

A 2023 state study showed nitrate-nitrogen and phosphorus levels have risen since 2017, highlighting the need for more conservation practices.

Though only 3–6% of Illinois farmland uses cover crops, experts say at least 15% adoption is needed to meet the state’s Nutrient Loss Reduction Strategy goals. Lawmakers have introduced bills to increase the program’s budget to $6.1 million, but they failed to pass a key committee.

Meanwhile, the Illinois Department of Agriculture received a $25 million federal grant to support conservation efforts, though its status remains uncertain.

Farmer-led initiatives like the STAR program are promoting sustainable practices, encouraging buyers to prioritize crops raised with conservation in mind. Advocates say continued investment in cover crops is crucial for the health of Illinois farms and waterways.

Photo Credit: pexels-karolina-grabowska